Gender Identity vs. Biological Sex: The Debate Over Fairness in Competitive Sports

Algerian boxer Imane Khelif is facing requests to have her Olympic gold medal removed after a leaked medical report claimed she is naturally male, citing a 5a-reductase-2 deficiency, which hinders sexual maturation in biological males. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) was aware of Khelif’s medical documents but has yet to clarify whether it will investigate. Khelif has openly maintained her gender, claiming that she has always identified and competed as a woman.

Editor’s Note: Allowing athletes to compete based on gender identity rather than biological sex raises concerns about competitive equity, especially when biology grants advantages in strength and endurance. This is a dilemma for society as a whole, not just sports: if identification becomes more prevalent as a basis for identity, should some definitions—particularly those with substantial implications for competitiveness, healthcare, and representation—be based on physical reality? [See also: Potential Health Risks of Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy Raise Concerns for Adults and Children, Royal College of Psychiatrists Cuts Ties with Stonewall Amid Transgender Care Concerns]

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